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Friedrich Max Müller (6 December 1823 – 28 October 1900), generally known as Max Müller, was a German-born philologist and Orientalist, who lived and studied in Britain for most of his life. He was one of the founders of the western academic field of Indian studies and the discipline of comparative religion.〔Sara Abraham and Brannon Hancock, doctoral students of theology in University of Glasgow (''Friedrich Max Muller'' ). Gifford Lectures.〕 Müller wrote both scholarly and popular works on the subject of Indology. The ''Sacred Books of the East'', a 50-volume set of English translations, was prepared under his direction. He also promoted the idea of a Turanian family of languages and Turanian people. ==Early life and education== Friedrich Max Müller was born into a cultivated family on 6 December 1823 in Dessau, the son of Wilhelm Müller, a lyric poet whose verse Franz Schubert had set to music in his song-cycles ''Die schöne Müllerin'' and ''Winterreise''. His mother, Adelheid Müller (née von Basedow), was the eldest daughter of a prime minister of Anhalt-Dessau. Carl Maria von Weber was a godfather.〔R. C. C. Fynes (May 2007), ''Müller, Friedrich Max (1823–1900)'', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, (), accessed 17 March 2013] 〕 Müller was named after his mother's elder brother, Friedrich, and after the central character, Max, in Weber's opera ''Der Freischütz''. Later in life, he adopted Max as a part of his surname, believing that the prevalence of Müller as a name made it too common.〔 His name was also recorded as "Maximilian" on several official documents (e.g. university register, marriage certificate), on some of his honours〔(''Académiciens depuis 1663'' ). Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.〕 and in some other publications.〔Charles Johnston (1900) (''An Estimate of Max Muller (1823–1900)'' ). ''The American Monthly Review of Reviews'', Vol XXII, July–December. The Review of Reviews Company: New York, pp.703–706.〕 Müller entered the gymnasium (grammar school) at Dessau when he was six years old. In 1839, after the death of his grandfather, he was sent to the Nicolai School at Leipzig, where he continued to his studies of music and classics. It was during his time in Leipzig that he frequently met Felix Mendelssohn.〔 In need of a scholarship to attend Leipzig University, Müller successfully sat his abitur examination at Zerbst. While preparing, he found that the syllabus differed from what he had been taught, necessitating that he rapidly learn mathematics, modern languages and science.〔 He entered Leipzig University in 1841 to study philology, leaving behind his early interest in music and poetry. Müller received his degree in 1843. His final dissertation was on Spinoza's ''Ethics''.〔 He also displayed an aptitude for classical languages, learning Greek, Latin, Arabic, Persian and Sanskrit. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Max Müller」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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